Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport
played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most
popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal
ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia,
though with the advent of indoor artificial ice rinks it has become a year-round
pastime at the amateur level in major metropolitan areas such as cities
that host a National Hockey League (NHL) or other professional-league team.
It is one of the four major North American professional sports, and the
NHL is at the highest level, and the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL)
and the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL) are at the highest level of
women's ice hockey in the world. It is the official national winter sport
of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. Only six of the thirty
NHL franchises are based in Canada, but Canadian players outnumber Americans
in the league.
While there are 66 total members of the International
Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia,
Slovakia, Sweden and the United States have finished in most of the coveted
1st, 2nd and 3rd places at IIHF World Championships. Of the 63 medals awarded
in men's competition at the Olympic level from 1920 on, only six did not
go to the one of those countries, or a former entity thereof, such as Czechoslovakia
or the Soviet Union. Only one of those six medals was above bronze. Those
seven nations have also captured 162 of 177 medals awarded at 59 non-Olympic
IIHF World Championships, and all medals since 1954.Likewise, all nine
Olympic and 27 IIHF World Women Championships medals have gone to one of
those seven countries.